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NetBSD/news68k Frequently Asked Questions

NetBSD/news68k Frequently Asked Questions

General Questions

PROM monitor Questions

Hardware Questions

Other sources of information

General Questions

How can I set up serial console? (top)

First, turn off the DIP switches 1-3 to specify to use serial console for the PROM monitor. (see DIP switch descriptions for details)

The NEWS machines use CH0 port for serial console, with 9600bps, 8 bit char, no parity and 1 stop bit.

Serial ports of news1400/1500/1600/1700 use ordinary 25P D-sub connectors, so you just need a null modem cable.

news1200 uses female 9P D-sub connectors. It has the same pin layout with PCs, though they have male 9P connectors.

See the NetBSD Serial Port Primer for more information.

My NEWS does not print anything to console! (top)

The NEWS machines use the MK48T02 NVRAM chip, which is also used in the SPARCstation machines. If the NVRAM battery is dead, they don't boot properly.

What you need to do, both with a new NVRAM, or one with a dead battery is to press the POWER/RESET buttons in the following order to force the PROM monitor to re-initialize the NVRAM:

  • Press and hold POWER button

  • Press RESET, while still holding POWER

  • Release RESET first

  • And then release POWER

Unlike SPARCstations, you don't have to restore any data like the ethernet MAC address. The MAC address is stored in ROM on NEWS, and only thing you have to set is time of the day for the clock.

If you are going to replace the dead NVRAM, FAQ about Sun NVRAM/hostid page has many useful information about the chips. Maybe you could try to attach a new battery onto the NVRAM, but on some NEWS models the NVRAM might be soldered to the mainboard without socket :-(

How should I set the DIP switches? (top)

news68k machines have one block of 8 dip switches:

Table 1. 

Switch 1,2,3 console settings
OFF,OFF,OFF ANSI terminals (i.e. serial console)
OFF,OFF,ON NWB-512 monochrome bitmap console
ON ,OFF,OFF NWB-225A color bitmap console
ON ,ON ,ON newer framebuffers which support autoselection functions (NWS-251, NWB-514 etc.)

Table 2. 

Switch 4 boot device
OFF boot from SCSI disk: hd()
ON boot from floppy disk: fh()

Table 3. 

Switch 5 autoboot
OFF PROM monitor
ON auto boot

Table 4. 

Switch 6 diagnostic (?)
OFF Diag off (default)
ON Diag on

Table 5. 

Switch 7,8 unused
default off

How can I turn off the machine other than to unplug cable? (top)

Just press the RESET button (without POWER), or use "off" command on the PROM prompt.

NetBSD/news68k install floppy does not boot (top)

There are some reports that some news1500 machines cannot boot the install floppy because of read errors. It might be caused by bug of PROM monitor or boot loader, or be actual media errors. Workaround is cleanup drives and try to boot several times with several disks.

Kernel prints "level 3 interrupt:" forever after boot with power cycle (top)

Some old version of PROM monitors does not initialize framebuffers in expantion slots properly when serial console is specified, then the framebuffer causes spurious interrupts.

The workaround is resetting the machine (by POWER+RESET method mentioned above) with bitmap console settings once, and then reset again with serial console.

Can I install both NetBSD and NEWS-OS in the same disk? (top)

It is not well tested, but not recommended anyway.

NetBSD/news68k can recognize NEWS-OS disklabel and mount NEWS-OS disks, but once NetBSD modifies the NEWS-OS disklabel, NEWS-OS cannot recognize them. It is recommended to install both OS into the separate disks.

PROM monitor Questions

What command can I use on PROM prompt? (top)

help command would show the all commands. On my NWS-1750 it says:

NEWS> help
bf [.{b|w|l}] <bgn> {<end>|:<cnt>} <data>               : Block Fill
bm <bgn> {<end>|:<cnt>} <dest>                          : Block Move
bo [<dev>]                                              : BOot
bp [<addr> [:<cnt>]] ...                                : BreakPoint set
cp <src_dev> <bgn>:<cnt> <dst_dev> <dest>               : CoPy
format {fd|fh}                                          : FORMAT floppy
go [<addr> [<bkpt> [:<cnt>]]]                           : GO to user program
help                                                    : display this
md [.{b|w|l}] [<bgn> [{<end>|:<cnt>}]]                  : Memory Display
ms [.{b|w|l}] [<addr> [<data>]]                         : Memory Set
mu                                                      : Memory Usage
nobp [<addr>] ...                                       : NO BreakPoint
off                                                     : turn power OFF
rc                                                      : Re-assign Console
rd [{dreg|areg|preg|creg|mreg}] ...                     : Register Display
rr                                                      : Register Reset
rs [<reg> [<data>]]                                     : Register Set
set [<var>[=<value>]]                                   : SET variable
st [:<cnt>]                                             : Stack back Trace
tr [:<cnt>] [branch] [{dreg|areg|preg|creg|mreg}]       : instruction TRace
vers                                                    : VERSion number
NEWS>

The other machines might print these messages differently, but they should be mostly same.

For boot command, you can specify the following options:

Table 6. 

bo boot from default device (usually sd0)
bo /1 boot with RB_ASKNAME (i.e. ask root device before mountroot)
bo /2 boot with RB_SINGLE (i.e. go to single-user mode)
bo fh() boot from 1.44M floppy
bo hd(1) boot from SCSI disk of ID 1
bo /2 hd()/netbsd.0 boot "netbsd.0" on sd0 with single-user

Can NetBSD/news68k boot via network? (top)

No, not yet.

The PROM monitor of news68k machines uses "remote disk (rd)" protocol for diskless boot, but it is supported by only NEWS-OS and there is no document about it.

Maybe rd_rpc.h or rd_srq.h in NEWS-OS might be help, but currently no one is working on it (yet).

Hardware Questions

What is the spec of my NEWS? (top)

There is a page of SONY NEWS specifications. This page is written in Japanese, but I guess it is still useful enough.

Which type of SIMM can be used for my NEWS? (top)

For news1600/1700 machines, 30pin 1M SIMMs with 9 chips can be used to upgrade to 16M bytes. SIMMs with 3 chips or SIMMs without parity cannot be used. To upgrade from 16M to 32M, the optional memory board is required.

For news1400/1500 machines, 30pin 1M SIMMs with 8 or 9 chips can be used. (i.e. these machines don't use parity bit.) SIMMs with 2 or 3 chips cannot be used.

Are there any hope to support NWS-18x0 models? (top)

Unfortunately, there are many problem to support news1800 machines. news1800 models have dual 68030 CPUs. One is a main processor, and another is an "I/O Processor". All devices (tty, ethernet, SCSI etc.) are connected to the IOP, but there are very few information how to handle them. The NEWS-OS provides a special module for the IOP called "MRX", and it is loaded by the PROM at boot time from the root directory.

Some people had asked the NEWS device information to Sony, and they once had planned to open their NEWS-OS sources. But there were many problem for it because the sources had many license issues, and the NEWS development division in Sony had already been dissolved so no one could resolve the issues officially.

Then, what about NWS-8xx and NWS-7xx models? (top)

The one problem is that news800 models also use an I/O processor, which is mentioned in the above entry. Another problem is news800 uses m68020 and the Sony own MMU, not Motorola m68851 MMU. news700 also has the original MMU like news800. There are few information about it, neither.

Other sources of information

Other sources of information from NetBSD.org (top)